The Genetic diversity and phylogenesis of Camponotus nicobarensis Mayr from five different nests were analyzed by Random Amplified Poly-morphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. 61 RAPD markers were obtained, which were amplified by 15 random declainer primers. Among them, 23 marker with 37.70% polymorphisms were detected. The results indicate that the Nei's gene divesity (H), and Shannon's information index (I) was 0.1220 and 0.1858, respectively. And the genetic distance among which was varied from 0.8515~0.9485, with distance coefficient between 0.0516~0.1603. Based on genetic distance and geneticsimilarity, molecular phylogenetic tree of Camponotus nicobarensis Mayr has been constructed by using UPGMA method. The results showed that genetic relationship of 5 populations of Camponotus nicobarensis Mayr correspond to geographic distance.